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As if rheumatoid arthritis
weren't enough, smoking seems to cause a pro-inflammatory rise in white blood
cells, and thereby increase the risk of heart disease.
"People who smoke are more likely to have an elevated white count,"
says study director Dr. Wayne H. Giles, from the Centers for Disease Control
& Prevention in Atlanta.
Dr. Giles & colleagues examined a study conducted from 1976 to 1992 on
8900 adults, and stated "What we found was that people with an
elevated white count were 40% more likely to die from coronary heart disease
after taking into account a number of traditional risk factors".
Non-smokers with the same elevation were at the same risk.
The study showed that patients with a WBC count over 7.6 were at much higher
risk of dying from Coronary Heart Disease, even after adjusting for other risk
factors. The new findings support a role for inflammation as a causal
factor in the pathogenesis of CHD, the authors say. "We really don't know
whether reducing white count will lower the risk," Dr. Giles added in an
interview. "That's where we need more studies."
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
2000;162:1348-1354.
WESTPORT, CT (Reuters Health) Apr 04 -
Female smokers have a higher risk of developing bladder cancer
than their male counterparts who smoke a comparable number of cigarettes,
according to a new report in the April 4th issue of the Journal of the National
Cancer Institute.
Dr. Ronald K. Ross, of the University of Southern California, in Los Angeles,
and colleagues conducted a study of more than 3000 adults with and without
bladder cancer.
Among smokers who lit up 40 times a day for 40 or more years, women were more
than twice as likely as men to develop bladder cancer, with odds ratios of
11.49 and 5.23, respectively.
"This is not what you'd expect," Dr. Ross told Reuters Heath. "In
the US, bladder cancer's been thought of as a disease of white men." For
example, Dr. Ross noted, black men in Los Angeles have higher rates of smoking,
but lower rates of bladder cancer compared with white men in the area.
"The increased risk was confined to those who smoked cigarettes," the
researchers write. They observed no associations between bladder cancer risk and
cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco or snuff.
Investigators also found that presence of a cigarette filter, the cigarette tar
content, and depth of inhalation did not appear to modify the risk of bladder
cancer.
The next step, Dr. Ross said, is to study which genetic and environmental
factors make subgroups of smokers more or less susceptible to bladder cancer.
In any case, the finding that women smokers are at especially high risk for
bladder cancer provides them with yet another good reason to quit. "Young
women, and especially teenagers, are smoking more than young men," Dr. Ross
said. "That doesn't bode well for the future."
J Natl Cancer Inst 2001;93:538-545.
PHILADELPHIA (Reuters Health)
Nov 6 -
Women who smoke have nearly twice the risk of
developing early-onset rheumatoid arthritis as do nonsmokers, according to Dr.
Kenneth G. Saag, of the University of Alabama at Birmingham. In a way, this is
good news, because "smoking is a potentially modifiable risk factor,"
Dr. Saag said. "We can tell people that if they stop smoking, it may lower
their risk."
Dr. Saag and coinvestigators studied the health records of
more than 30,000 women, between the ages of 55 and 69, who had been enrolled in
the Iowa Women's Health Study since 1986. The findings were presented last week
at the annual meeting of the American College of Radiology. Compared with women
who never smoked, current smokers had a nearly two-fold increase in the risk of
developing early-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Former smokers also had a slightly
higher risk than non-smokers. But women who had stopped smoking at least 10
years prior to the start of the study did not have an increased risk, Dr. Saag
reported.
The researchers do not know just how smoking affects the risk
of rheumatoid arthritis. "It's a complex phenomenon," Dr. Saag said.
There may be interactions with the immune system or interactions with estrogen;
"smoking may lower estrogen levels." He also noted that smoking
appears increase levels of rheumatoid factor, which generally accompanies severe
rheumatoid arthritis. Dr. Saag believes the study findings are especially
significant because of the large size and prospective design. "With some of
these studies, the concern is that people change their chronic behavior, such as
smoking habits, after they develop the disease."
The Vitamin Lady®
comments: actually, my feeling is that the nicotine, along with the other
nightshade family plants such as potatoes, tomatoes, green peppers, eggplant,
imbalances estrogens, and this is the mode of action.
BALTIMORE, MD (Reuters Health) Nov 14
- Female smokers are at higher risk for a host of harmful health outcomes
compared with nonsmokers and even male smokers. The latest research on tobacco's
impact on women was the topic of a symposium sponsored November 10 by the
University of Maryland School of Medicine.
"Women who smoke are four times
more likely to develop cervical cancer than women who don't use tobacco,"
said Dr. Sandra Brooks, from the University of Maryland Medical Center.
"Physicians need to make their female patients aware of the short- and
long-term effects of smoking."
Lung cancer, cervical cancer,
cardiovascular disease, certain oral health problems and infertility are among
the conditions that affect female smokers at far higher rates than women who do
not smoke, researchers said. Female smokers also are at risk of passing a host
of harmful health conditions to their offspring. "Learning disabilities,
ADHD, fetal and perinatal deaths and SIDS — these are all caused by maternal
smoking," Dr. Theodore Slotkin, from Duke University, argued at the
symposium.
He noted that the incidence rate of
such conditions is increased between 50% and 500% in pregnant women who smoke
versus those who do not. Despite the publicity about the negative effects of
smoking during pregnancy, tobacco use continues in one quarter of all
pregnancies, Dr. Slotkin said. He added that medical professionals should be
doing a better job of teaching adolescents about the dangers of smoking.
"Adolescent smoking is the cause of smoking during pregnancy."
Dr. Mary Corretti, from the University
of Maryland Medical Center, said that prevention efforts need to be focused on
teenage girls, as they are the fastest-growing category of new smokers.
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